Baker s oven



Patented July 5, 1938 j--{fi-UNITED lsrgg'rlas PATENT OFFICE J ohn M. Gantvoort, Bronxville Manor, Westchesterl County, N. Y., assignor to Hilde Gantvoort Y Application July 23, 1936Serial No. 92,068 5 claims.: (c1. iov-55) 'This invention relates to a kbakers oven of that 'type wherein the bottom heat is a'pplied to the materials to bebaked through contact with a hearth and the top heat is supplied by convection currents.

--"More particularly the oven of the present invention is provided with a heat chamber beneath the-baking hearth, the source of heat being 1ocated Yat the front of the oven and under the heat chamber. The heated' air flows along the heat chamber and enters the oven nearfthe top thereof and the topv baking is effected by the downwardly moving convection currents which becoming''somewhatA cooled, flow back into the heat'chamber at they forward'end thereof and are reheated'- during'their. passage therethrough. With 'such' a v'system of convection heating'the desired'temperature of the baking chamber may jbel maintained. 'SSin-ce, however, the baking is effected largely through the application of botvtbmheatJ-the baking hearth should be maintained' at "a" substantially constant temperature throughout' andthi's temperature must be sufrivcientlyhigh for proper bottom baking but somewhatfzlowertha'n the temperature of the baking chamber in order that the downward ow of the cn'vectioncurrents in the baking chamber may ynot beinterferedwith. Y

"Animportant' feature of the present invention therefore,fresides in the/provision of means in an Voven ofi the; type above defined whereby the tem- -perature offthe baking hearth is maintained "substantially `constant throughout notwithstanding the cooling effect of the gases passing 'from the ovento theheat chamber. y

The inven'ti'on'will be better understoodY by reference'to the-following more detailed description andclaims whentaken in connection with the Yacc'o'mpany'i'ng drawing' in which:

Figurev 1 is 'a sectionl through an oven having my improvements applied thereto.

f Figure '2' is a sectional View of the lower portion of thecven structure showing a modification ofthe inventiongf and Figure 3 is a section on the line 3--3v of Figure '2,

'Referring to'Figure 1 the oven is constructed of vsuitably insulatedv top and bottom walls 2, an end wall 3 and a front wall 4 having an. opening therein which 4is closed by an oven door transversely divided into an upper section 6 anda lower secltioni! andk having a handle 9 by which access to the oven is had. Above the lower Wall of the oven is a compartment or nrlre boxl l wherein is located the heating means. For this purpose brackets support a series of burners l2 extending-transversely of the re box and having the usualy mixingchamber I4 to which gas is supplied from a pipe H and air is supplied through the usual adjustable cap l1. The products of combustion pass through the chamber l0 and up a chimney I8 formed in the rear oven wall.

' Above the box l0 and separated therefrom by a metal partition 28 is a heat chamber 22 the height of which is limited by a baking hearth 24 and its insulation 2B. The height of the chamber 22 is greatly restricted in proportion to its length so as to form a relatively narrow passage through which the heated gases pass.

The baking hearth is composed of ceramic material s'uch as tile and extends from front to rear of the oven for such a distance only as to leave a passageway at the front and the rear for permitting the gases to pass from the heat chamber to the baking chamber of the oven at the rear and from the baking chamber back to the heat chamber at the front. A vertical partition 2l of insulating or non-heat conducting' material extends from the rear end of the hearth to a point near the top of the oven and constitutes a heat barrier at the rear of the oven. VA similar partition 28 extends downwardly from the front end of the hearth 24 and this is also made of insulating or non-heat conducting material.

With the construction so far described it will `be apparent that as the plate is heated by the burners placed under it the air in the heat chamber 22 will'begin to flow along underneath the Vhearth Z4 following the course of the arrows shown in Figure 1 and the heated air will pass over the top of the barrier 21 and enter the baking chamber 30 near the top. As the air is cooled it will flow downwardly and under the barrier 28 and back into the heat chamber to be reheated. The barrier 28 prevents counter flow of the air. It is desirable for good baking that the baking chamber shall be maintained at the desired temperature and that thetop heat for baking be supplied by ydescending convection currents in the bakingchamber. To effect this result it is necessary that the hearth be maintained at a temperature lower than that of the baking chamber. Since it is desirable to thermostatically control the oven temperature the thickness of the ceramic material composing the hearth becomes a factor. The thinner this material, the better the thermostatic control. On the other hand there must be sufcient ceramic material to Drovide the heat capacity necessary for proper baking. It is has been found that 11A tile is sufcient for any goods to be baked. However, with ceramic material of this thickness it is not possible to maintain the temperature difference between the hearth and the oven necessary for the proper convection circulation and at the insulation under the hearth the higher the temperature of the air which will enter the baking chamberjdue to the fact that the air passing under the hearth through the heating chamber will not lose so much of its heat to the hearth and therefore this air will enter the baking chamber at a higher temperature; The amount said chamber with such velocity that the frontv end of the hearth is cooler than the rear -end unless special means are nrovided'to prevent this in spite of the Vfact that the source of heat is Vlocated at the front of the hearth. v

My invention therefore in its broad aspect consists in providing means whereby the heat source may supply a relatively greater amountY of heat to the hearth near the front thereof to compensate for this cooling effect ofthe air entering the heat chamber. i f' .i

' In the preferred form of my invention, shown in Figure l, I accomplish this result `by making the insulation 23 the maximum thickness at the rear and having it gradually diminish in thick'- ness towards the front of the hearth. By thus varying:Y the thickness of the insulation in a ratio depending upon the cooling effect of the gases entering the heat chamber, I am enabled to obtain a uniform temperature j throughout the hearth while at'the same timeV maintaining the Vproper temperature relation between the hearth `and the gases entering the baking chamber from the'heat chamber. I

While the form of the invention shown in Figx `ure 1 is the preferred one, nevertheless the saine result inay be accomplished in other ways. Fr

instance in the form ofthe invention shown in Figure'Z, the insulation 26 may be of uniform vthickness but I provide theplate 2l) with a series of ns Y32 which ns arel longest at. theV front end of the plate 2@ justabove the source of heat, and gradually taper as they extend rearwardly.

.thereof and 'thereby properly compensate for the cooling effect of the gases descending from `the baking :chamber and entering ythe heat cham ber. f

It may be desirable with ovens of different dimensions to use both ns and tapered insulation and when this combination is used the fins maybe madeY shorter. There is some advantage in having the ns shorter since then theyrdo not Vretard to so great a degree, the velocity of the gases passing throughthe heat chamber and it is an advantage to have a rapid ow. A rapid flow, as' will be obvious, makes forrapid heat transfer, which turn permits the use of a smaller heater with less fuel consumption.

What I claim is:

1. A baking oven wherein the bottom heat for the materials to be baked is applied through contact with a hearth and the top heat is suppliedthrough the downward circulation of convection currents, a heating chamber of restrict- Y Said; fins act to transfer heat to the hearthv withgreater rapidity at the forwardend` heating means at the front of the heat chamber and means for causing the heatingk means to sup.- ply gradually` diminishing quantities of heat to the lhearth with the greatest quantity supplied near ythe front thereof to compensate for the cooling effect of the air currents entering the heat chamber to thereby maintain the hearth at the same temperature throughout.

- 2. A baking 'loven wherein the bottom heatfor the materials to be baked is applied through coritact with a hearth and the top heat is supplied through the downward circulation of convection. currents, a heating chamber of nrestricted height under thehearth baiiing means to cause the air currents to entier said chamber on leaving the baking chamber at the front thereof and through which they ow to be heated, heating means at the'front of the 4heat chamber, insulation''extending under the hearth, said insuiation being of greatest thickness at the rear thereof and gradually diminishing towards the front whereby the greatest quantityof heatlis supplied to theihearth/'near the front thereof to maintain the hearth "at substantially uniform temperature throughout notwithstanding the cooling effect ofthe descending currents of air from the baking chamber as they enter the heat chamber.

3. baking oven wherein the bottom heat for the materials to be baked isV applied through ogntac't with a hearth and the top heatlis supplied through the downward circulation of? convection currents, a heating chamber'of restricted height under the hearth baffling means to cause the air currents to enter said chamber on leaving the baking chamber at the front thereof and throughl which they ow to be heated, heating means at the front of the heat chamber, insulation;be heath said hearth and a series of ns. extending into the heat chamber towards said hearth, said fins having their largest heating surface at the front thereof. i

4. A bakinor oven wherein the bottom heat for the Ymaterials to be baked is applied through contact with a hearth and the top heat is supplied throueh the downward circulation of convection currents, a heating chamber of .restricted height under the hearth baflling means to cause the air `currents to kenter said chamber on? ieavingthe baking chamber at the fron;J thereof and through which they flow to be heated, heating means at the front of the heat chamber, insulation beneath said hearth and a series'of fins exrtending into the heat chamber towards said hearth, said fins being nearer the hearth at the i front end thereof and becoming gradually shorter 'i currents, a heating chamber of restricted height under the hearth baffling means to cause the air currents to enter saidchamber on leaving the baking chamber at the front thereof and through which they flow to be heated, heating means at the front of the heat chamber, insulation etending under the hearth, said insulation being of greatest thickness at the rear thereof and diminishing in thickness towards the front, and a. seriesof fins extending into the heat Vchamber towards said hearth, said fins having their largest heating surface at the front end thereof.

JOHN M. GAnTvooRT. 

